Hamlet is a young prince in Denmark who was supposed to become king when his father died. Instead, his uncle Claudius took the throne and married Hamlet's mother. Hamlet meets a ghost of his dead father, who tells him that he was poisoned by Claudius and demands that Hamlet kills Claudius in revenge. Hamlet has to kill Claudius. He gets into an argument with his mother. Someone moves behind a curtain and Hamlet, thinking it is Claudius, stabs him. It turns out that he has killed Polonius, a royal advisor and Ophelia's father. Ophelia after learning that Hamlet has killed her father, drowns herself. Hamlet reappears at Ophelia's funeral and gets into a fight with her brother Laertes who challenges Hamlet to a sword fight. To get Hamlet killed, Claudius gets Laertes to fight with a sword that has poison on the blade, and brings some poisoned wine in case this does not work. The sword fight begins. During the sword fight they hurt each other with the poisoned sword and die. Meanwhile his mother drinks the poisoned wine by mistake and dies. 
In this soliloquy Hamlet thinks about life and death, the state of being versus the state of not being. He talks about all the things that annoy him about life, and says that the only action the can take against these things is to end his life. But he can't do that because the after death is unknown and it could be worse than real life, that's why he is scared.
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